The Concentration and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals (HMs) in African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Grown around Ashaka Community, Gombe State, Nigeria
Keywords:
African Spinach, Daily intake, Heavy metals, Health risk index, TomatoesAbstract
Heavy metals are completely redundant in the human body and the ingestion of the metals poses a risk of adverse health effects. The study aimed to assess the heavy metal concentration and evaluation of health risks of selected heavy metals in African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) products collected from the Ashaka community in Gombe state, Nigeria. Heavy metal concentration was estimated using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Perkin Elmer model 2130). The result showed that the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) were below the permissible level of FAO and WHO standards and the Chinese Department of Protective Medicines limit respectively except for Cadmium (0.210 mg/kg) in African spinach which exceeds the FAO/WHO limit (0.2 mg/kg). The daily plant metal intake for Cd (0.018 - 0.007 mg/kg) and Pb (0.024 - 0.014 mg/kg) were higher than the recommended daily intake of metals but within the tolerable limit. Health risk indices showed high values for Cd, Pb, and Ni, except for Cr, Cu and Zn. The IRS evaluated for all the studied HMs were greater than one (IRS > 1). This implies that exposed populations are susceptible to developing diseases associated with Cd, Pb, and Ni.
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